Hubballi, 31 August (H.S.) :

Understanding Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

By Dr Basavarajendra S Anurshetru

Consultant Vascular Surgeon

Ms, DrNB (Peripheral and Endovascular Surgery)

SDM Narayana Heart Centre, Dharwad

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is a circulatory condition where narrowed or blocked blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs, most often the legs. It usually develops due to atherosclerosis, a process where fatty deposits build up inside the arteries, making them stiff and narrow.

People with PVD often experience leg pain, cramping, or fatigue during walking or exercise—a symptom called intermittent claudication. As the disease progresses, symptoms may occur even at rest, and in severe cases, non-healing wounds or ulcers may develop, raising the risk of serious complications.

Risk Factors

Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and aging. Since PVD often coexists with heart and brain vessel disease, it greatly increases the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and simple tests such as the Ankle-Brachial Index, which compares blood pressure in the ankle and arm. Imaging may also be used in certain cases.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on improving blood flow and reducing cardiovascular risks. Lifestyle changes—such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and following a heart-healthy diet—are crucial. Medications may help control blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol, while procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery are sometimes required.

With timely diagnosis and proper management, many people with PVD can relieve symptoms, prevent serious complications, and maintain an active life. Regular check-ups and healthy lifestyle choices remain the cornerstone of prevention and care.

Hindusthan Samachar / Rakesh Mahadevappa